Geotechnical investigations are performed by geotechnical engineers or engineering geologists to obtain information on the physical properties of soil and rock around a site to design earthworks and foundations for proposed structures and for repair of distress to earthworks and structures caused by subsurface conditions. A geotechnical investigation will include surface exploration and subsurface exploration of a site. Sometimes,geophysical methods are used to obtain data about sites. Subsurface exploration usually involves soil sampling and laboratory tests of the soil samples retrieved.

Surface exploration can include geologic mapping, geophysical methods, and photogrammetry, or it can be as simple as a geotechnical professional walking around on the site to observe the physical conditions at the site. To obtain information about the soil conditions below the surface, some form of subsurface exploration is required. Methods of observing the soils below the surface, obtaining samples, and determining physical properties of the soils and rocks include test pits, trenching (particularly for locating faults and slide planes), boring, and in situ tests.

• Soil sampling
• In-situ tests (Standard Penetration Test, Disturbed soil samples and undisturbed soil samples)
• Laboratory tests
• Geophysical exploration
• Recommendations

List of Indian Standards

SP 36 (Part-1) – Laboratory Testing of soil for Civil Engineering Purposes.

• SP 36 (Part-2) – Field testing of soils for Civil Engineering Purposes.
• IS:2720 (Part-28) – Dry Density of Soil in place by the Sand Replacemen

LIST OF INDIAN STANDARDS & IRC

• IS:2720 (Part-29) - Dry Density of Soil in place, by the  Core Cutter Method.
• IS:2720 (Part-7) – Determination of Water Content Dry Density Relation using
• IS:2720 (Part-8) - Determination of Water Content Dry Density Relation using Heavy Compaction.
• IS:2720 (Part-16) – Laboratory Determination of California Bearing ratio "Necessity of Material Testing”
• IS:2386 (Part 1 to VIII
  
  Part-I Particle Size and Shape
  Part-II Estimation of Deleterious Materials and Organic Impurities
  Part-III Specific Gravity, Density, Voids, Absorption and Bulking
  Part-IV Mechanical Properties
  Part-V Soundness
  Part-VI Mortar Making Properties of Fine Aggregate
  Part-VII Alkali Aggregate Reactivity
  Part-VIII Petrographic Examination
  • IS:3495 – Method of Test for Burnt clay Building Bricks.
  •  IS:1077- Specification for common Burnt Clay Building Bricks.
  •  IS:4031 – Method of Physical Test for Hydraulic Cement.
  •  IS:4032 – Method of Chemical Analysis Test for Hydraulic Cement.
  •  IS:269 – Ordinary Portland Cement 33 Grade
  •  IS:8112 - Ordinary Portland Cement 43 Grade 
  •  IS:12269 - Ordinary Portland Cement 53 Grade
  •  IS:435 – Portland Slag Cement
  •  IS:1489 (Part-1) – Portland Pozzolona Cement Specification Part 1 Fly Ash Based
  •  1489 (Part-2) - Portland Pozzolona Cement Specification Part 2 Calcined Clay Based
  •  IS:516 – Method of Test of Strength of Concrete
  •  IS:456 – Plain and Reinforced Concrete
  •  IS:10262 – Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design
  •  IS:101 – Method of Test for Ready Mixed Points and Enamels.
  •  IS:1727 – Method of Test for Pozolanic Materials
    

LIST OF IRC

• IRC:36 – Recommended Practice for the Construction of Earth Embankments for Roaos work
• IRC:40 – Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges Section IV Brick Stone and Block Masonry
• IRC: SP:19 – Manual for Survey, Investigation and preparation of Road Project.

List Of Ministry Most Pocketbook for Bridge